Minimally Invasive Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery

Abstract
Minimally invasive procedures involving endoscopic instruments have become routine in many surgical specialties. In cardiac surgery, only a few procedures have been performed with such devices, such as ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus and pericardial fenestration.1 A new technique of endoscopic coronary-artery bypass surgery that uses cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest has recently been developed in dogs.2 We attempted to perform bypass surgery through a port-access mini-thoracotomy with the protection of cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia.

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