The measurement of imagery vividness: Effects of format and order on the Betts' Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery.

Abstract
Validity of the shortened version of Betts'' Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery was examined through changing the order and wording of questions. Both manipulations resulted in significantly depressed scores. Merely rewording the questionnaire, to obtain a consistent format while keeping question order the same, resulted in a factorial structure identical with that reported for the original test. A combination of rewording and random question placement resulted in a collapsed factor structure clearly interpretable in terms of accepted physiological groupings of sense modalities. This latter solution appears more rational than those previously reported and the new version of the questionnaire is probably less contaminated by response bias than those used in previous research.

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