Course and timing of the homing migration in the newt Taricha rivularis.

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Abstract
Adult rivularis displaced from their native stream segments to foreign ones make the homing journey on land, either parallel to the stream after intrastream displacements or directly overland across intervening mountain ridges after transfer to foreign streams. The majority initiate their return during the same spring in which they are displaced, but substantial numbers remain near the release site until the beginning of rain the following autumn. A small percentage homes successfully after remaining at the release site for as long as 3 years, and a few probably adopt the foreign site permanently. In spite of the perils of desiccation, displaced animals continue their migrations into late spring, after native residents of the local population have taken shelter underground. They also emerge from underground hiding earlier after the resumption of rain the following autumn. Recaptures at the home site continue to mount for 4 or 5 years, but several members of a series displaced for 5 miles completed the return trip within 1 year. Specific examples are cited in which animals have homed for a distance of about 1/4 mile in 1 day and 2 1/2 miles in less than 1 mo.

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