SalmonellaEnteritidis Infections, United States, 1985–1999
Open Access
- 1 January 2004
- journal article
- Published by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Vol. 10 (1) , 1-7
- https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1001.020572
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis emerged as an important illness during the 1980s. Investigations showed that consumption of undercooked eggs was the major risk factor for disease, and a variety of prevention and control efforts were initiated during the 1990s. We describe sporadic infections and outbreaks of S. Enteritidis in the United States from 1985 through 1999 and discuss prevention and control efforts. After reaching a high of 3.9 per 100,000 population in 1995, S. Enteritidis infections declined to 1.98 per 100,000 in 1999. While the total number of outbreaks decreased by half, those in the western states tripled. Outbreaks of S. Enteritidis phage type 4 infections accounted for 49% of outbreaks in 1999. Outbreak-associated deaths in health facilities decreased from 14 in 1987 to 0 in 1999. Overall, rates of sporadic S. Enteritidis infection, outbreaks, and deaths have declined dramatically. For further reductions, control measures should continue to be applied along the entire farm-to-table continuum.Keywords
This publication has 18 references indexed in Scilit:
- Food labeling, safe handling statements, labeling of shell eggs; refrigeration of shell eggs held for retail distribution. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Final rule.2000
- An Increase in Sporadic and Outbreak‐AssociatedSalmonellaEnteritidis Infections in Wisconsin: The Role of EggsThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1999
- Recurrent outbreaks ofSalmonellaEnteritidis infections in a Texas restaurant: phage type 4 arrives in the United StatesEpidemiology and Infection, 1996
- Data Management Issues for Emerging Diseases and New Tools for Managing Surveillance and Laboratory DataEmerging Infectious Diseases, 1995
- Outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis Infections in the United States, 1985-1991The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1994
- Salmonella enteritidis five years onThe Lancet, 1993
- A comparison ofSalmonella enteritidisphage types from egg-associated outbreaks and implicated laying flocksEpidemiology and Infection, 1993
- Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 from the contents of intact eggs: a study involving naturally infected hensEpidemiology and Infection, 1989
- The emergence of grade A eggs as a major source of Salmonella enteritidis infections. New implications for the control of salmonellosisJAMA, 1988
- A phage-typing scheme for Salmonella enteritidisEpidemiology and Infection, 1987