Rechargeable Lithium Batteries with Aqueous Electrolytes

Abstract
Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries that use an aqueous electrolyte have been developed. Cells with LiMn 2 O 4 and VO 2 (B) as electrodes and 5 M LiNO 3 in water as the electrolyte provide a fundamentally safe and cost-effective technology that can compete with nickelcadmium and lead-acid batteries on the basis of stored energy per unit of weight.