Factors Influencing Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) Control with Diclofop

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Abstract
Studies were conducted to determine the effect of soil moisture, seedling age, and exposure of plant parts on control of barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv.] with diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid}, formulated as the methyl ester. In a Warden silt loam, moisture content of 10% or more was needed for satisfactory diclofop control of slow-growing barnyardgrass under cool, early-season conditions. Soil moisture was less critical when temperatures were higher and barnyardgrass was growing rapidly. Roots and emerging shoots both absorbed diclofop from the soil, but both plant parts were inhibited more when diclofop was applied to the roots than to the shoots. Barnyardgrass was injured from diclofop applied postemergence to either roots or shoots separately, but phytotoxicity was greatest when the whole plant was exposed. When the soil was treated, control increased with increasing amounts of post-treatment overhead irrigation. Two-leaf and four-leaf barnyardgrass plants were equally susceptible to diclofop applied postemergence, but resistance increased with age in plants with more than four leaves.