Zonal Structure of the Shoot Apex in Encephalartos, Bowenia, and Macrozamia

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Abstract
The shoot apex, which consists of 4 zones, is described for 6 spp. of Encephalartos, and for 1 sp. each of Bowenia and Macrozamia. A zone of initiation (I) at the summit is underlaid by a core of central mother cells (II) and both are flanked by a mantle of peripheral meristem (III). Growth converges from I to II where increase in volume predominates, but diverges from II to the inner part of III and to the underlying rib meristem (IV). Leaf primordia, cortex and vascular tissue are derived from III; the massive pith is produced by IV. The zonal structure in the above spp. is similar in most respects to that in the shoot apex in Cycas, Dioon, Microcycas and Zamia.

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