Genetic influence on cadmium-induced hypertension

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Abstract
Dahl hypertension-resistant (R) and hypertension-sensitive (S) rats were used to determine whether Cd-induced hypertension is dependent on genetic predisposition. In the 1st experiment, 16 wk old R and S rats of both sexes were injected with 2 doses of Cd (1 and 2 mg/kg body wt, i.p.), whereas controls received the same volumes of saline. Hypertension and renal vascular changes were observed in Cd-injected S rats but not in R rats. The S females appeared more sensitive than S males to the hypertensinogenic effect of Cd. In the 2nd experiment, groups of weanling female R and S rats were given 0, 1, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg Cd/l drinking water and fed either a low-salt (0.4% NaCl) or a high-salt (4% NaCl) diet for 28 wk. Cd produced cardiac hypertrophy (1 mg Cd/l) and hypertension associated with renal vascular changes (1-5 mg Cd/l), and it enhanced proteinuria (1-10 mg Cd/l) in S rats on a low-salt diet. The development of salt-induced hypertension was accelerated in Cd-fed (1 and 2.5 mg/l) S rats. These adverse effects of Cd were not detected in R rats on either salt diet. In both experiments, Cd concentrations in the kidneys and liver of S rats were higher (P < 0.001) than in those of R rats. Genetic differences apparently influence the pathogenesis of Cd-induced hypertension.

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