The Current State of Zinc Deposition from Alkaline and Acid Electrolytes

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Abstract
Today four different types of bright zinc solutions are available to users: the high cyanide electrolyte, the low cyanide electrolyte, the alkaline, cyanide-free electrolyte and the acid electrolyte. It is often difficult to decide which type should be preferred for a specific job. To facilitate this decision the most important characteristics of zinc baths and deposits are investigated. For electrolytes this means current efficiency, average cathodic current density, deposition rate, polarization, throwing power and levelling; for deposits, texture, purity, hardness, internal stress and elongation. Great attention is paid to the question of effluent treatment, particularly in the case of alkaline, cyanide-free and acid bright zinc solutions, since here special considerations apply. The advantages and disadvantages of the four types of solutions are compared on the basis of the data obtained and the fields and limits of application are given.

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