Creation of 45° grain-boundary junctions by lattice engineering

Abstract
The in‐plane, orientational relationships between LaAlO3, SrTiO3, yttria‐stabilized zirconia, MgO, CeO2, BaZrO3, and YBa2Cu3O7−δ(YBCO) are studied. Using a idea of continuous lattice match and photolithographic technique, a 45° YBCO grain‐boundary junction can be created on most substrates. The key element of the process is the utilization of a bridge layer. In addition to MgO bridge material, BaZrO3 was found to work functionally well. The crystallinity of the bridge layer is critical to obtain a clean boundary junction.