Miniature liquid-3He refrigerator

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Abstract
The use of a cryopump and high‐pressure, internal storage of the cryogen makes it possible to miniaturize a one‐shot recyclable 3He refrigerator while at the same time improving its performance. Because of their simplified interface requirements, such refrigerators are readily incorporated into existing 4He cryostats, allowing a convenient extension of their operating range down to 0.3 K. An analysis of the parameters describing refrigerator performance (condensation time, heat transfer to the 4He bath, lifetime, and refrigeration power) leads to the definition of an optimized refrigerator. Measured performance characteristics of a miniature [2‐l standard temperature and pressure (STP) of 3He] refrigerator used in laboratory and stratospheric balloon‐borne experiments are given.

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