Simulating quantum systems on a quantum computer

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Abstract
We show that the time evolution of the wave function of a quantum mechanical many particle system can be implemented very efficiently on a quantum computer. The computational cost of such a simulation is comparable to the cost of a conventional simulation of the corresponding classical system. We then sketch how results of interest, like the energy spectrum of a system, can be obtained. We also indicate that ultimately the simulation of quantum field theory might be possible on large quantum computers. We want to demonstrate that in principle various interesting things can be done. Actual applications will have to be worked out in detail also depending on what kind of quantum computer may be available one day...Comment: 8 pages, latex, submitted to Phys. Rev. A, revised version has about double length of original and contains new ideas, e.g. how to obtain the spectrum of a quantum syste

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