The Effect of Surface Roughness on the Convection Heat-Transfer Coefficient for Fully Developed Turbulent Flow in Ducts With Uniform Heat Flux

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Abstract
Experimental data are presented for the heat-transfer coefficient and friction factor in a smooth and a rough duct with a hydraulic diameter of approximately 0.035 in. The flow was fully developed and turbulent, and the heat addition was uniform over the length of the tube. The rough tube indicated appreciable increases in heat-transfer coefficient and friction factor. The smooth-tube friction factors corresponded to rough-tube values, indicating the difficulty involved in obtaining smooth surfaces for very small ducts.