Health maintenance for the independent frail older adult: can it improve physical and mental well‐being?

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Abstract
This descriptive study measured outcomes of a health maintenance programme (HMP) of regular exercise, health teaching and group participation on physical and mental well-being in a convenience sample of frail older adults living independently. Hand strength, range of motion (flexibility) and blood pressure were used as indicators of physical well-being. Self-esteem and life satisfaction were used as indicators of mental health. A pre-test/post-test design was used taking all measurements before starting the programme and after a 6-month interval of participation. Paired t-tests of mean change scores, with each participant acting as his or her own control, showed statistical improvement in systolic blood pressure and range of motion in right ankle and in self-esteem and life satisfaction using visual analogue scales. Clinical improvement was demonstrated in all measurements and by participant evaluation of the programme.

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