Good and Bad Humors: Biochemical Bases of Personality and Its Disorders

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Abstract
Personality and its disorders may be studied at many levels, from the broad trait to the basic genetic level This article addresses primarily two of these levels, the trait and the biochemical, and the relations between them, with some treatment of the genetic and neuropsychological levels Five current trait models are described Neurotransmitter systems in the brain and hormones have been shown to be important sources of individual differences in traits and behaviors in humans and other species, but simple one-to-one relationships between traits and biochemicals are rare, and interactions are likely at all levels