Interferon‐Gamma Production by the Human Preimplantation Embryo

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Abstract
This study demonstrated that the human embryo produces interferon-gamma (IFNgamma). It is important to know whether IFNgamma can be produced before implantation. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of IFNgamma production between days 2 and 5 after in vitro fertilization. Twenty embryos were cultured from day 2 to 5 after fertilization. The embryo stages were checked each day and the media refreshed. IFNgamma levels were estimated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All embryos produced measurable IFNgamma at least for 1 day. Yields of IFNgamma were: 0.46 +/- 0.45 (n = 4) on day 2, 0.69 +/- 0.52 (n = 19) on day 3, 0.73 +/- 0.52 (n = 15) on day 4, 0.55 +/- 0.32 (n = 11) IU/ml on day 5, respectively. There was no significant difference in the IFNgamma production between in vitro culture days or between the developmental stages of embryos. IFNgamma is produced by all the embryos and seems to peak between days 3 and 4, which is just before implantation.