Structural analysis of length mutations in a hot-spot region of wheat chloroplast DNAs

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Abstract
The hot-spot region related to length mutations in the chloroplast genome of the wheat group was precisely analyzed at the DNA sequence level. This region, located downstream from the rbcL gene, was highly enriched in A+T, and contained a number of direct and inverted repeats. Many deletions/insertions were observed in the region. In most deletions/insertions of multiple nucleotides, short repeated sequences were found at the mutation points. Furthermore, a pair of short repeated sequences was also observed at the border of the translocated gene. A sequence homologous with ORF512 of tobacco cpDNA was truncated in cpDNAs of the wheat group and found only in the mitochondrial DNA of Ae. crassa, suggesting the inter-organellar translocation of this sequence. Mechanisms that could generate structural alterations of the chloroplast genome in the wheat group are discussed.