Thermo-optical effect and saturation of nonlinear absorption induced by gray tracking in a 532-nm-pumped KTP optical parametric oscillator

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Abstract
We present experiments that show that gray tracking modifies the parametric gain and the generated wavelengths of a KTP optical parametric oscillator pumped at 532 nm near degeneracy. These perturbations occur over a limited range of pump intensity. We propose a satisfactory model that takes into account photochromic damage, the thermo-optical effect, and the combined processes of creation and saturation of a two-photon absorber at 532 nm. The temperature dependence of Sellmeier equations of KTP is also established at 20–200 °C.