4×4 directional coupler switch matrix with an InGaAlAs/InAlAs multiquantum well structure

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Abstract
A 4×4 directional coupler switch matrix is developed which uses, for the first time, the quantum confined Stark effect of InGaAlAs/InAlAs multiquantum well structures. The rearrangeable nonblocking 4×4 network with six 2×2 switches is shown to be perfectly functional with switching voltages between 5 and 6 V and crosstalk below −17 dB in all the operation states.