Spiral Copper Whiskers

Abstract
Spiral copper whiskers from the hydrogen reduction of copper halides grow with two to three times as many in an [001] axial direction as in either the [011] or [111] direction, whereas for straight copper whiskers the latter directions predominate. Well-defined faces, usually with low Miller indices, were found on the whiskers. The pitch, even of the most perfectly formed spirals, varied from turn to turn. We conclude that the pitch is not completely determined by crystallographic properties, but infer from the abrupt pitch changes that they play a part.

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