Surface-Tension Techniques for Molten Salts

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Abstract
Some 200 surface-tension determinations have been made on 107 single-salt melts using eight experimental techniques. From a consideration of the experimental difficulties, such as the inconvenience of visual observation on the melt, the corrosive nature of the melt, and volatilization and condensation of salt vapors on apparatus, the most versatile method recognized to be applicable to these molten systems at elevated temperatures is the method of maximum bubble pressure, by which 75% of the total determinations on the 107 salts were made. Other methods, in descending percentages of application, are: Wilhelmy slide plate, capillary rise, maximum pull on cylinder, pin method, pendant drop, ring method, and sessile bubble. The basic principles, surface-tension range of applicabihty, and temperature limitation for these techniques are considered.