The effect of mouthririses on parameters characterizing human periodontal disease

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Abstract
The objective of the present clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of mouthwashes containing antiseptic agents on established and developing plaque and periodontal disease in adult subjects using a newly described clinical research model. The study was carried out in 21 patients with periodontal disease. At the baseline examination, all tooth surfaces-sites were studied with regard to dental plaque, gingivitis, bleeding on probing to the base of the pocket and probing pocket depths. The patients were subsequently randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups, each consisting of 7 individuals. Group A rinsed with a 0.01% solution of Sanguinarine, group B rinsed with a 0.2% solution of chlorhexidine and group C rinsed with a placebo solution. No instructions regarding mechanical plaque control measures or information regarding the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease were given to any of the patients during the course of the 6-weeks of trial. The clinical examination was repeated after 2 weeks use to the mouthwash preparations. Following the re-examination, all patients were subjected to scaling and root planing in 2 jaw quadrants chosen at random. After another 2 weeks, the 2nd re-examination was performed and the teeth in the 2 remaining jaw quadrants were thoroughly scaled. The final examination was performed 2 weeks later. During the 4 weeks of rinsing, without adjunctive professional mechanical debridement, the frequency distribution of plaque Index scores 2 + 3 did not change in the group of patients using the placebo solution, but was significantly reduced in both the chlorhexidine and the Sanguinarine groups. The gingival index scores and the probing depths were not, however, significantly affected by the 4 weeks use of any of the 3 mouthrinse preparations tested. Professional debridement made the tooth surfaces free from plaque accumulations. In the placebo group, about 32% and 29% of the tooth surfaces received a PII score of 2 + 3 at the 2 and 4 week examinations, respectively. The corresponding figures for the chlorhexidine group were 2.4% and 2.8% and for the Sanguinarine group 9.6% and 8.1%. The professional debridement markedly reduced signs of gingivitis. Compared to the baseline data, the frequency of gingival index scores 2 + 3 was after 4 weeks reduced by 55% in the Sanguinarine group and by 63% in the chlorhexidine group. The corresponding figure for the placebo group was 35%. For all 3 groups of patients, scaling and root planing resulted in the establishment of a larger number of shallow pockets and a lower number of deep pockets.