Abstract
If we look open-eyed at the illnesses of our patients in their whole length and breadth, we see how very imperfect are all our schemata of description and classification. However we arrange the material, the patterns are incomplete and there is much left over which will not fit into them; rearrange the patterns, envisage new ones, again the fit is incomplete and residues from the old schematizations are left unplaced. The truth is that a thorough-going empirical rationalist approach does not support any consistent treatment of body-mind problems. All the theories which claim to explain human psychopathology, whether they are constitutional, psychoanalytic or social, though they lend so much in the way of mediaeval charm to psychiatry, are little if at all better than the ancient doctrines of the humours.

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