Correlation of Nasopharyngeal and Conjunctival Cultures with Middle Ear Fluid Cultures in Otitis Media

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Abstract
Eighty children with acute otitis media (AOM) were prospectively studied to determine the correlation and clinical usefulness of nasopharyngeal (NP), conjunctival (CONJ), and middle ear fluid (MEF) cultures. NP cultures correlated more accurately with MEF (p < 0.01) than did CONJ cultures (p < 0.05) for both Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae (H. flu). The positive predictive value of NP cultures for positive MEF was only 47%, but the negative predictive value was 87 percent. NP cultures, therefore, appear to have significant predictive clinical value only when negative in identifying children likely to have sterile MEF. High correlation of NP, CONJ, and MEF in children with H. flu conjunctivitis (p < 0.01) suggests that early systemic rather than topical antibiotic treatment for H. flu conjunctivitis in small children may avert subsequent occurrence of the "conjunctivitis-otitis" syndrome.