Angiotensinogen T174M and M235T variants, sodium intake and hypertension among non-drinking, lean Japanese men and women

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Abstract
To examine the interaction of sodium intake with genetic variations of the angiotensinogen gene and hypertension. A community-based case-reference study. Two rural Japanese communities. Non-overweight and non-drinking Japanese men and women: 229 hypertensives and 229 age-, sex- and community-matched normotensives aged 32 to 83 years. Polymorphisms of the angiotensinogen gene detected by an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. A priori hypothesis is individuals with 174M (threonine-to-methionine substitution) or 235T (methionine-to-threonine substitution) allelic variations may have an elevated risk of hypertension when they have a high sodium intake, estimated by 24-h urine collection and a dietary questionnaire. The genotypic frequency of the haplotype including both the 174M and 235T alleles was higher among hypertensives than among normotensives (23 versus 14%, P = 0.02). The frequency of the 174M allele was specifically higher among hypertensives than normotensives (12 versus 7%, P = 0.01), and the odds ratio of hypertension associated with the 174M (versus 174T) allele was 1.8 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–3.0, P = 0.01]. The frequency of the 235T allele did not vary between the two groups (80 versus 82%, P = 0.40). The relationship between the 174M allele and hypertension was more evident among persons who had higher urinary sodium excretion (> = 166 mmol/day) than those with lower excretion (P Angiotensinogen genotype may affect the development of early-onset hypertension among Japanese, particularly in those who have a high sodium intake.