Nucleation of a universe in (2+1)-dimensional gravity with a negative cosmological constant

Abstract
We investigate the nucleation of a universe in a (2+1)-dimensional gravity model with a negative cosmological constant. There are a variety of universes born from nothing by quantum tunneling. Utilizing the powerful technique of hyperbolic geometry, we explicitly construct three-manifolds which describe the nucleation of a higher-genus universe. We calculate the wave function of the universe in the WKB approximation.

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