The Mechanism of Seasonal Variation in the Size Distributions of Atmospheric Chloride and Nitrate Aerosol in Tokyo

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Abstract
The volatility of ammonium chloride and nitrate was demonstrated to be responsible for the seasonal variation in size distributions that is the atmospheric fine-mode (2 μm) was more pronounced in summer. An ion-balance examination and heating of winter aerosol samples demonstrated that fine-mode chloride and nitrate species are ammonium salts which are volatile at summer atmospheric temperatures. Both volatilized and unvolatilized concentrations of these chloride and nitrate species were determined both in winter and in summer to prove that the gas–solid interconversion took place in the atmosphere. The log-normal distributions of the ionic-component concentrations and the seasonal changes in the ionic composition of fine-mode aerosol were also discussed.