The Hyperosmolar State

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Abstract
THE ready availability of simple technics for the determination of plasma osmolarity has led over the past 10 years to an increasing appreciation of the frequency and implications of various states characterized by a hyperosmolarity of the body fluids. Although the syndromes discussed below all share hyperosmolarity as a common feature, they differ considerably in their pathogenesis and management.Osmotic Equilibrium, Freezing-Point Depression and Definition of OsmolarityWhen two aqueous solutions are separated by a membrane permeable to water, osmotic equilibrium is present provided the chemical activity of the water on both sides of the membrane is identical. For so-called . . .

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