Regional biologic therapy. Hepatic arterial infusion of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor in patients with liver metastases

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Abstract
Twenty‐two chemotherapy‐resistant patients with liver metastases received 46 courses of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rhTNF) administered by 5‐day continuous infusion through percutaneously inserted hepatic arterial catheters. The maximum tolerated daily dose of rhTNF was 150 μg/m2. This is six times the maximum tolerated daily dose of rhTNF that could be given systemically (intravenous) on the same schedule. The dose‐limiting toxicity resulted in severe, although transient, hypophosphatemia (25%) in 7 of the 14 (50%) patients with colorectal cancer. Regional biologic therapy with rhTNF as a sole modality has definite antitumor activity in colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver and warrants additional study in previously untreated patients.