Wastewater Characterization in a Multiproduct Dairy

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Abstract
Wastewater characteristics in a multiproduct dairy plant were determined in 2 major drains and for several operations. Monitored characteristics included flow, biochemical O2 demand [BOD], chemical O2 demand [COD], total suspended solids [TSS], total solids [TS], fat and temperature. Overall, 2.3 l of wastewater/kg of product were discharged with average concentrations of 3049 mg/l BOD, 5451 mg/l COD, 2203 mg/l TSS, 9574 mg/l TS, and 1424 mg/l fat. The BOD coefficient was 6.91 g/kg of product. Day to day variations of waste load/unit product were large. Peak day measures were more than 10 times as high as minimum day measures. Waste load discharged from the plant was related to losses of milk and fat. Losses of milk and milk fat calculated from waste characteristics were greater than indicated by plant records. Municipal charges for water and sewer, and surcharges for a plant processing 200,000 kg of product/day with the average characteristics in this study were predicted to be approximately $18,600/mo. Waste loads for selected operations are presented with suggestions for reduction.

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