Vortices in vibrated granular rods
Abstract
We report the first experimental observation of vortex patterns in granular rods vibrated vertically in a container. Above a critical packing fraction, moving domains of nearly vertical rods are spontaneously formed that coexist with horizontal rods. The small domains of vertical rods that are initially observed coarsen over time to form a few large vortices. The size of the vortices increases with the number of rods. We track the ends of the vertical rods and obtain the velocity fields of the vortices. The mean velocity of the rods is observed to be correlated with the inclination of the rods. We discuss the mechanism of formation and motion of vertical domains based on compactivity arguments and the inclination of the rods.Keywords
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