Volume effects in solid solutions

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Abstract
This review presents an outline and discussion of recent developments in the study of volume effects in the thermodynamics and kinetics of solid solutions. Such effects may be defined generally in a somewhat loose manner as all effects describable as resulting from the fact that, in contrast to most of the statistical mechanical treatments of solid solutions, the specific volume of the system is a function of composition. A compilation of formal relationships between constant-pressure and constant-volume thermodynamic relationships is given and their application to binary and ternary solid solutions is presented. Specific examples of binary solid solutions include carbon-: austenite and several hydrogen-metal systems. The thermodynamics of ternary solid solutions is also considered, with special emphasis given to ternary systems containing a substitutional solute and an interstitial solute at low concentration. A consideration of the effects of lattice dilation on the diffusivity of interstitial atoms in solid solutions is also presented. A specific case treated is the diffusion of carbon in face-centred cubic iron.