LOCAL AND SYSTEMIC ANTIBODY-RESPONSE AFTER VACCINATION WITH 3 DIFFERENT TYPES OF VACCINES AGAINST INFLUENZA .1. HEMAGGLUTINATIONINHIBITING ANTIBODIES

  • 1 January 1979
    • journal article
    • research article
    • Vol. 244  (2-3) , 155-174
Abstract
A comparative study on formation of hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies [Ab] after vaccination with 3 different types of influenza vaccines (whole virion, split virion and subunit type) was performed in adults and children. The study populations were homogeneous regarding age and pre-immunization antibody profile. Strain-specific conversion rates for the A component (A/Victoria/3/75 H3N2) were 77% with the whole virion vaccine, 79% with the split virion vaccine and 91% with the subunit vaccine. The Ab conversion factors calculated on the basis of the geometric mean titers (GMT) were 5.0, 6.7 and 9.0, respectively. A 4-fold increase in titers was observed in 68% of vaccinees with the whole virion vaccine, in 55% of vaccinees with the split virion vaccine and in 70% of vaccinees with the subunit vaccine. Local Ab formation on the basis of conversion rates yielded values of 18% (whole virion), 22% (split virion) and 28% (subunit vaccine). Systemic Ab responses revealed predominantly strain and subtype specificity as opposed to local Ab formation which was also directed towards older subtypes. This phenomenon was more pronounced in adults than in children. Significant correlation was found between local Ab production and the concentration of hemagglutination inhibiting serum Ab and between the Ig[immunoglobulin]A concentration in nasal wash fluid and the percentage of individuals exhibiting local Ab formation in the upper respiratory tract. In children 6-14 yr of age Ab conversion rates were 91-100% for the A component with the 3 vaccines under study. With regard to induction of hemagglutination, inhibiting Ab to the B component of the vaccine (B/Hong Kong/8/73) either vaccine proved of insufficient potency. Though conversion rates of 64-77% (60-90% in children) were observed, the GMT range was only 1:17-1:21 (1:24-1:35 in children). Only 29-35% of the adults and about 1/2 of the children developed Ab of .gtoreq. 1:40 after vaccination. The advisability of future use of monovalent influenza A vaccines in influenza vaccination campaigns is discussed.

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