Frail old people at the margins of care: some recent research findings

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Abstract
Background Community-based care at the margin is a substitute for institutional care. Three factors are considered critical: definitions of eligibility, assessment procedures and balance of care. Aims To examine determinants of the margin between institutional and home-based care, review current practice, identify the implications and contribute to planning of integrated long-term care services. Method A selective review was made of findings from research conducted after the community care reforms. Results Marked variability and inconsistency in eligibility and assessment processes may contribute to misplacement of frail older people. There remains capacity to shift the balance of care from institutional to home-based care within reasonable cost parameters, particularly with more integrated services. Conclusions Greater standardisation of approaches to the determination of eligibility for social care and to assessment of need is required. Providing care at home for some of those currently entering care homes is feasible, but will require different service structures and staff roles, including specialist clinicians.