Czochralski Growth of Square Silicon Single Crystals

Abstract
Square single crystal silicon ingots with 3-inch sides are grown by forming an essentially uniform temperature distribution around the growing ingots. The resistivity distribution pattern for wafers from these ingots is generally square. The square single crystals have etch pit densities of 1-2×103/cm2. The growth for square crystals is explained by a model in which supercooling occurs in the radial direction of the ingots.