Characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

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Abstract
Characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and its predisposing factors were studied in a consecutive series of 342 patients operated on for retinal detachment (RD) at the University Eye Hospital in Helsinki [Finland] in 1978-1981. On these, 234 were pre-operatively examined and operated on by the senior author. The mean age of the patients was 52.8 .+-. 1.0 (range 5.7 to 83.0) years, 49.1% were males, 50.9% females. Bilateral RD occurred in 9.9%, and another 4.7% had been treated for retinal breaks in the fellow eye. Of the main predisposing factors, myopia (.gtoreq.-1.0 D) were found in 50.6% of the phakic eyes, 23.0% of the eyes were aphakic, and lattice degeneration was found in 15.1% and trauma in 11.9% of the whole series. In the nontraumatic phakic group, lattice degeneration was present in 31.3%. In the aphakic group, 25.9% had underlying myopia and 8.1% showed lattice degeneration. The relative importance of these factors varied with age. Total RD was found in 60 eyes (17.0%), most commonly in aphakic eyes (32.1%). Macula was detached in 56.5%. Two or more retinal breaks were found in 40.9%. The type of breaks varied with age and refraction. Oral dialysis was common before the age of 20 in non-myopic phakic eyes. Between 20 and 39 years, tears and holes were equally common, and after 40 years of age tears predominanted. Tears outnumbered holes both in non-myopic and myopic eyes, most round holes were found in myopic eyes. In 11.6% of the eyes no sure retinal breaks were detected. Relation of retinal breaks to peripheral retinal degeneration was studied.

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