The N2K Consortium. IV. New Temperatures and Metallicities for More than 100,000 FGK Dwarfs

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Abstract
We have created a framework to facilitate the construction of specialized target lists for radial velocity surveys that are biased toward stars that (1) possess planets and (2) are easiest to observe with current detection techniques. We use a procedure that uniformly estimates fundamental stellar properties of Tycho 2 stars, with errors, using spline functions of broadband photometry and proper motion found in Hipparcos/Tycho 2 and 2MASS. We provide estimates of temperature and distance for 2.4 million Tycho 2 stars that lack trigonometric distances. For stars that appear to be FGK dwarfs according to estimated temperature and absolute magnitude, we also derive [Fe/H] and identify unresolved binary systems with mass ratios between 1.25 and 3. Our spline function models are trained on the unique Valenti & Fischer (2005) set, composed of 1000 dwarfs with precise stellar parameters estimated from HIRES spectroscopy. For FGK dwarfs with V photometric error less than 0.05 magnitudes, or V < 9, our temperature model gives a one-sigma error of +58.7/-65.9 K and our metallicity model gives a one-sigma error of +0.13/-0.14 dex. Our estimates of distance and spectral type enable us to isolate 354,822 Tycho 2 dwarfs, 321,996 of which are absent from Hipparcos, with giant and subgiant contamination at 2.6% and 7.2%, respectively. 2,500 of these FGK dwarfs are bright (V < 9.0) and metal-rich ([Fe/H] > 0.2). Our metallicity estimates have been used to identify targets for N2K (Fischer et al. 2005), a large-scale radial velocity search for Hot Jupiters, which has published the detection of 4 Hot Jupiters with one transit. The broadband filtering outlined here is the first screening tier for N2K; the second tier is a low-resolution spectroscopy program headed by S.E. Robinson (astro-ph/0510150).Comment: 32 pages, 8 figures, accepted by ApJS in October 2005. Data files temporarily stored at http://www.ucolick.org/~ammons/tycho_parameter
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