Polymorphisms within the Human Tumor Necrosis Factor- Promoter Region in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Seropositive Persons

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Abstract
The question is addressed whether particular tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) polymorphisms are associated with clinical course and outcome of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The distribution of four TNF-α guanine (G) to adenosine (A) transition polymorphisms at positions –376, –308, –238, and –163 of the 5' promoter region of the TNF-α gene was studied in a nested case-control study among HIV-1-seropositive participants of the Amsterdam Cohort. None of the polymorphisms was significantly associated with long-term asymptomatic survival after HIV-1 infection compared with progression to clinical AIDS. Moreover, specific AIDS-defining illnesses or biologic phenotype of the HIV-l virus were not associated with TNF-α alleles. The results of this study do not point toward a role for known TNF-α G to A transition polymorphisms in the clinical course of HIV-1 infection.

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