Methadone Dose Increase and Abstinence Reinforcement for Treatment of Continued Heroin Use During Methadone Maintenance

Abstract
HEROIN DEPENDENCE is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.1-5 Methadone maintenance, particularly when given in conjunction with counseling and other psychosocial services, is an effective treatment of heroin dependence; it reduces illicit drug use, crime, human immunodeficiency virus infection risk, and death, and improves employment and social adjustment.1,6-11 Nevertheless, some patients continue to use heroin during treatment.12