Nutritional Balance Studies in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants: Enhanced Nutrient Retention Rates by an Experimental Formula

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Abstract
An experimental infant formula developed to meet the specific nutritional needs of very-low-birth-weight infants was evaluated by 96-hour balance studies in ten preterm infants (birth weight: 1,130 to 1,530 gm). The formula contained 23.2 gm/liter of protein (whey protein/casein ratio, 60:40), 44.1 gm/liter of fat (50% medium-chain triglycerides) and 85.0 gm/liter of carbohydrate (50% lactose, 50% Polycose), and provided relatively higher amounts of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and electrolytes than are in human milk. All infants were fed 150 ml/kg/day (120 calories/kg/day) by intermittent gavage. Balance studies were carried out nine days following establishment of oral intake. The mean (±SEM) nutrient retention rates revealed by balance studies in these infants (calcium, 170 ± 4 mg/kg/day; phosphorus, 78 ± 3 mg/kg/day; nitrogen, 426 ± 8 mg/kg/day; sodium, 1.4 ± 0.1 mEq/kg/day) were comparable to normal fetal accretion rates. The mean (±SEM) fat absorption was 92.5 ± 0.9%. No clinical intolerances or biochemical abnormalities were observed, and adequate postnatal growth was achieved in all infants. The diet proved to be nutritionally advantageous and safe for very-low-birth-weight infants.
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