Acute toxicity and hatching inhibition of chlorophenols to Japanese Medaka, Oryzias latipes and structure-activity relationships.

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Abstract
Acute toxicities and hatching inhibitions of embryo by 14 chlorophenols from mono-Cl to penta-Cl and phenol to Japanese Medaka, Oryzias latipes, have been deterined as 96 h-LC50 and 15 d-EC50, respectively and studied in terms of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). The 6 physico-chemical parameters of chlorophenols employed in this study were: n-octanol/water partition coefficient, log Pow; dissociation constant, pKa; Hammett constant, .SIGMA..sigma.; index of valence molecular connectivity; 1.chi.v; perimeter of the efficient cross section of molecule, .SIGMA.D; melting point, F. On the whole, acute toxicity and hatching inhibition of chlorophenols increase with a degree of chlorination and ortho-isomers appear as less toxic than meta- and para-isomers. QSAR study shows that log Pow, a parameter of hydrophobicity, gives the best correlation with the activity. With regard to each chlorophenol, 96 h-LC50 of Oryzias latipes agrees with that of another kind of fish, Lebistes reticulatus (guppy). High correlations were found among 96 h-LC50 and 15 d-EC50 values of Oryzias latipes, EC50 values of growth inhibition of green algae, Selenastrum capricornutum and EC50 values of immuobilization of Daphnia magna, Daphnia carinata and Daphnia pulex.

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