The effects of planned duration of residential drug abuse treatment on recovery and HIV risk behavior.

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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the effects of planned duration of residential drug abuse treatment on recovery from drug use and on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors. METHODS: Two concurrent randomized controlled trials of programs differing in planned duration were conducted: 6-month vs 12-month versions of a traditional therapeutic community program, and 3-month vs 6-month versions of a modified therapeutic community incorporating a relapse prevention and health education program. Outcomes, measured at least 16.5 months after admission, included time from admission to first drug use; severity of drug, alcohol, legal, and employment problems; and risky drug injection and sexual behaviors. RESULTS: Among 539 clients (86% of those enrolled), there were no significant effects of planned duration of treatment upon Addiction Severity Index scores or HIV risk behavior. In the relapse prevention program, clients randomized to the 6-month program had a longer time to first drug use than those in the 3-month program (hazard ratio = 0.74; 95% confidence interval = 0.58, 0.93). Employment problems at follow-up were significantly less severe among clients treated in the therapeutic community than among those in the relapse prevention program. CONCLUSIONS: No overall benefit of extending treatment beyond 6 months was found.