Energetics of formation of TiGa3As4 and TiGa3P4 intermediate band materials

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Abstract
5 pages, 5 figures, 1 table.Using density functional theory quantum methods, total energy values and vibrational properties have been computed, and thermodynamic properties evaluated, for Ti-substituted GaAs and GaP, proposed as candidates for intermediate band photovoltaic cells. The calculations predict that the formation of these materials from the binary compounds implies an increase in total energy (that is ascribed largely to the change in coordination undergone by Ti, from six-fold to four-fold), and thus phase separation rather than mixed compound formation would be favored. However, the mentioned increase is not larger (for the arsenide case it is actually smaller) than that predicted for Mn-substituted GaAs, a material which has been experimentally made, and therefore the obtention of these Ti-substituted materials is expected to be feasible as well. Vibrational and disorder entropy contributions to the formation free energy of the ternary compounds have been also computed; they compensate partially for the total energy increase, and indicate that the thermodynamic feasibility of the materials synthesis improves for low Ti concentrations and high temperature conditions.This work was carried out with funding from project\ud FULLSPECTRUM (Contract No. SES-CT-2003-502620)\ud of the sixth European Framework Programme and from\ud the Spanish National R&D Contract No. MAT2004-04631. P. P. and S. P. acknowledge Ph.D. grants from Ministerio de\ud Educación y Ciencia and CSIC, respectively.Peer reviewe