Simultaneous recording of physiological information from swimming fish.

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Abstract
An apparatus of the water tunnel type was constructed to facilitate simultaneous recordings of physiological information from swimming fish. The apparatus was connected with a large reservoir which made it possible to perform long-term experiments with controlled water temperature and current. Because the electrode leads and cannulae from an experimental fish were drawn out watertight, measurement of oxygen consumption could be carried out simultaneously with blood sampling and recordings of electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG) and respiratory movement (RM). For implantation of bipolar electrodes, a new method was adopted. Using a “twin implanter” consisting of two injection needles joined parallel to each other, two electrodes could be implanted, exactly 2mm apart, to exactly the same depth in the fish's body. This method of implantation was successfully used for every recording of ECG, EMG and RM. Recordings of ECG, EMG and RM of the yellowtail are presented. Changes in heart rate, breathing rate and tail beat frequency during exercise are discussed.

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