Analysis of Organic and Inorganic Sulfur Constituents in Sediments, Soils and Water

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Abstract
A suite of analytical methods for determining the amount of organic S (C-bonded S and ester sulfate) and inorganic S (sulfate and sulfide) was described. Organic S fractions, which had often been ignored, were major constituents of oxic substrates and had a major role in S dynamics. Methods of sample preparation and a modification of the Johnson-Nishita digestion-distillation apparatus were given. HCl digestion, Zn-HCl reduction, hydriodic acid reduction, sulfate extraction, wet oxidation and dry oxidation were utilized for determining S constituents. With only minor modifications these analyses were adapted for examining 35S transformation rates. Results from these analyses on sewage sludge, lake sediment, soil and water demonstrated the usefulness of these methods.