Blood Coagulation in Uremic Patients Before and After Hemodialysis and Transplantation of the Kidney

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Abstract
ALTHOUGH the bleeding tendency of patients with renal failure is well known, the literature concerning the cause of the coagulation failure is both meager and confusing. The hemostatic abnormality has been said to be greater in acute than in chronic uremia, and even to occur by a different mechanism.21 A variety of clotting defects have been described in both types of patients. Various plasma clotting factors have been found to be moderately reduced10 with inconstant hypofibrinogenemia,8-10 with or without involvement of the prothrombin complex.5,9 Abnormal thrombelastograms, reduced heparin tolerance,8 and prolonged thrombin time10 have also been seen in many, but not all, patients. The most consistently reported coagulation abnormality of uremia has been a deficiency in prothrombin consumption.4,5,10, 21,22 In some cases, this could be explained solely by the thrombocytopenia which has been thought by some to be a common9,21 and by