Analysis of direct transitions and surface-state features observed in photoemission from clean Al(111)

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Abstract
Structures clearly showing dispersion are observed in angle-resolved photoemission spectra from a clean Al(111) surface. Data were collected using unpolarized as well as polarized light at photon energies of 16.85 and 21.2 eV in different crystallographic azimuths. The experimentally-determined band structure is compared with the results of calculations using a simplified model. While some features are attributed to surface resonances and surface states, other strongly dispersive structures can be accounted for by direct bulk transitions. A few additional features (band bottom, partial gap edge, Fermi edge) are found and their origins are discussed.