Effect of Fluorides and Other Addition Agents on the Cathodic Potential of Titanium in Hydrofluoric Acid

Abstract
The absolute hydrogen overvoltage values of titanium in hydrofluoric acid increase, or the cathodic potentials, , decrease (become more negative) with addition of alkali fluorides to the acid. The , decreases with increasing concentration of the salt in the sequence , which is also the sequence of decreasing cationic radius. For example, at 50 ma/cm2 , decreases from −0.8 v in pure O.1N hydrofluoric acid to −1.68 v in the same acid if it is 1M with respect to sodium fluoride. If the titanium cathode dissolves in the acid, the ‐current density relationship is linear; if the dissolution ceases (at higher concentrations of the added fluoride), Tafel's relationship is fulfilled. In between there is a mixed straight line and quasi logarithmic relationship, the latter occurring at higher current densities. Organic colloid solutions of agar‐agar or arabic gum appreciably decrease ; methylene blue solutions increase it slightly.