Endocrine Tumors of the Ileum: Factors Correlated with Survival

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Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the most important factors correlated with survival in patients with endocrine tumors of the ileum, both at the time of diagnosis and during the follow-up period. Methods: Fifty-nine patients with ileal endocrine tumors diagnosed in our institution between 1990 and 2004 were studied. Results: The study included 36 men (61%) and 23 women (39%). The median age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 61.4 (range 18–83) years. The median follow-up period was 71.9 (range 5–287) months. Forty patients (67.8%) were still alive at the end of the study; the median survival time was 172 months, and the 5-year survival rate was 78.9%. By univariate analysis, the survival rate was significantly related to female sex (p = 0.024) and flushing alone (p = 0.028) and associated with diarrhea at diagnosis (p = 0.015), weight loss at diagnosis (p = 0.038), Ki-67 level (p = 0.025), stage of disease at diagnosis (p = 0.012), presence of liver metastases at follow-up (p = 0.005), presence of diffuse metastases at diagnosis (p = 0.005) and at follow-up (p = 0.007), and type of surgical approach (overall: p = 0.018; not operated vs. radical surgery: p = 0.008; not operated vs. palliative surgery: p = 0.045). Using multivariate analysis, only female gender (p = 0.012) and the presence of liver metastases at follow-up (p = 0.004) were significantly related to survival. Conclusion: In the present study, female gender and the appearance of liver metastases at follow-up seem to be the main conditions which determine the poor prognosis of patients with ileal endocrine tumors.