Bacteremia in HIV-positive and AIDS Patients: Incidence, Species Distribution, Risk-factors, Outcome, and Influence of Long-term Prophylactic Antibiotic Treatment

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Abstract
From a cohort of 837 adult, mainly homosexual HIV-infected patients, 76 bacteremic/fungemic episodes were identified in 63 patients over a 5–year period. Compared with an age-matched reference population with an incidence of 10.3 bacteremias/10,000 person-years, the incidence was 170 among pre-AIDS (pp6/1) in 71%, permanent intravenous line, 44%; neutropenia, 11% and active intravenous drug abuse, 7%. Hence, in this population, intensified hygienic precautions for intravenous lines should be the primary target for intervention. Long-term cotrimoxazole prophylaxis may prevent bacteremia with S. pneumoniae and Salmonella spp.